This PyQt5 tutorial shows how to use Python 3 and Qt to create a GUI on Windows, Mac or Linux. It even covers creating an installer for your app. What is PyQt5? Is a library that lets you use the from Python. Qt itself is written in C. By using it from Python, you can build applications much more quickly while not sacrificing much of the speed of C.
PyQt5 refers to the most recent version 5 of Qt. You may still find the occasional mention of (Py)Qt4 on the web, but it is old and no longer supported. An interesting new competitor to PyQt is. Its API is virtually identical. Unlike PyQt, it is licensed under the LGPL and can thus be used for free in commercial projects. It's backed by the Qt company, and thus likely the future. We use PyQt here because it is more mature.
![Making A Python Executable For Mac On A Windows Making A Python Executable For Mac On A Windows](/uploads/1/2/5/3/125376290/166509001.png)
Since the APIs are so similar, you can easily switch your apps to Qt for Python later. Install PyQt The best way to manage dependencies in Python is via a. A virtual environment is simply a local directory that contains the libraries for a specific project. This is unlike a system-wide installation of those libraries, which would affect all of your other projects as well. To create a virtual environment in the current directory, execute the following command: python3 -m venv venv This creates the venv/ folder. To activate the virtual environment on Windows, run: call venv/scripts/activate.bat On Mac and Linux, use: source venv/bin/activate You can see that the virtual environment is active by the (venv) prefix in your shell.
First, we tell Python to load PyQt via the import statement: from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QLabel Next, we create a with the command: app = QApplication This is a requirement of Qt: Every GUI app must have exactly one instance of QApplication. Many parts of Qt don't work until you have executed the above line. You will therefore need it in virtually every (Py)Qt app you write. The brackets in the above line represent the command line arguments passed to the application. Because our app doesn't use any parameters, we leave the brackets empty. Now, to actually see something, we create a simple label: label = QLabel('Hello World!' ) Then, we tell Qt to show the label on the screen: label.show Depending on your operating system, this already opens a tiny little window.
We will make an executable file from our python-project using pyinstaller. We do that in a simulated windows-environment using wine. What did I say simple isn’t it?!? Go on and try it on a windowsmy test where successfull ?. All still open tabs of my browser in one list, thank you so. Nov 1, 2018 - 1.1.3. Create standalone executables from python scripts. Converts Python scripts into executable Mac OS X applications. NSIS (Windows).
The last step is to hand control over to Qt and ask it to 'run the application until the user closes it'. This is done via the command: app.exec If all this worked as expected then well done!
You've just built your first GUI app with Python and Qt. Widgets Everything you see in a (Py)Qt app is a: Buttons, labels, windows, dialogs, progress bars etc. Like HTML elements, widgets are often nested. For example, a window can contain a button, which in turn contains a label. The following screenshot shows the most common Qt widgets. The code for this screenshot is: from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QWidget, QPushButton, QVBoxLayout app = QApplication window = QWidget layout = QVBoxLayout layout.addWidget(QPushButton('Top')) layout.addWidget(QPushButton('Bottom')) window.setLayout(layout) window.show app.exec As before, we instantiate a QApplication. Then, we create a window.
We use the most basic type QWidget for it because it merely acts as a container and we don't want it to have any special behavior. Next, we create the layout and add two QPushButtons to it. Finally, we tell the window to use this layout (and thus its contents). As in our first application, we end with calls to.show and app.exec.
There are of course many other kinds of layouts (eg. To lay out items in a row).
See for an overview. Custom styles One of Qt's strengths is its support for custom styles. There are many mechanisms that let you customize the look and feel of your application. This section outlines a few. Built-in styles The coarsest way to change the appearance of your application is to set the global. Recall the widgets screenshot above. To apply a style, use app.setStyle(.): from PyQt5.QtWidgets import.
app = QApplication app.setStyle('Fusion'). The available styles depend on your platform but are usually 'Fusion', 'Windows', 'WindowsVista' (Windows only) and 'Macintosh' (Mac only).
Custom colors If you like a style, but want to change its colors (eg. To a dark theme), then you can use and app.setPalette(.). For example: from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt from PyQt5.QtGui import QPalette from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QPushButton app = QApplication app.setStyle('Fusion') palette = QPalette palette.setColor(QPalette.ButtonText, Qt.red) app.setPalette(palette) button = QPushButton('Hello World') button.show app.exec This changes the text color in buttons to red. The interesting line is highlighted above: button.clicked is a signal,.connect(.) lets us install a so-called slot on it. This is simply a function that gets called when the signal occurs. In the above example, our slot shows a message box.
The term slot is important when using Qt from C, because slots must be declared in a special way in C. In Python however, any function can be a slot – we saw this above. For this reason, the distinction between slots and 'normal' functions has little relevance for us. Signals are ubiquitous in Qt. And of course, you can also define your own. This however is beyond the scope of this tutorial. Compile your app You now have the basic knowledge for creating a GUI that responds to user input.
Say you've written an app. It runs on your computer. How do you give it to other people, so they can run it as well? You could ask the users of your app to install Python and PyQt like we did above, then give them your source code.
But that is very tedious (and usually impractical). What we want instead is a standalone version of your app. That is, a binary executable that other people can run on their systems without having to install anything. In the Python world, the process of turning source code into a self-contained executable is called freezing. Although there are many libraries that address this issue – such as PyInstaller, py2exe, cxFreeze, bbfreze, py2app. – freezing PyQt apps has traditionally been a surprisingly hard problem.
![Python Python](/uploads/1/2/5/3/125376290/120936522.png)
We will use a new library called that lets you create standalone executables for PyQt apps. To install it, enter the command: pip install fbs PyInstaller3.4 Then, execute the following: fbs startproject This prompts you for a few values. This is a PyQt5 app just like the ones we have seen before. Its source code is in src/main/python/main.py in your current directory.
But here's the cool part: We can use fbs to turn it into a standalone executable! Fbs freeze This places a self-contained binary in the target/MyApp/ folder of your current directory. You can send it to your friends (with the same OS as yours) and they will be able to run your app! (Please note that fbs currently targets Python 3.5 or 3.6. If you have a different version and the above does not work, please and try again. On macOS, you can also.) Bonus: Create an installer fbs also lets you create an installer for your app via the command fbs installer. (If you are on Windows, you first need to install and place it on your PATH.) For more information on how you can use fbs for your existing application, please see.
Summary If you have made it this far, then big congratulations. Hopefully, you now have a good idea of how PyQt (and its various parts) can be used to write a desktop application with Python. We also saw how fbs lets you create standalone executables and installers. If you have any questions or feedback on this tutorial, feel free to. Have fun writing your own apps!
In this tutorial we’ll be using to create a standalone OSX application from a Python 2 or 3 source code with a simple user interface. 'py2app is a Python setuptools command which will allow you to make standalone application bundles and plugins from Python scripts. Py2app is similar in purpose and design to py2exe for Windows.' Relevant links about py2app:.
(last commit 2015-05-05)., This guide is loosely based on the. Based on a Python file called Sandwich.py, we’ll create an application called Sandwich.app. Prerequisites Create a custom directory and create a.
$ rm -rf build dist $ python setup.py py2app This will assemble your application as dist/Sandwich.app. Since this application is self-contained, you will have to run the py2app command again any time you change any source code, data files, options, etc.
The original py2app has a bug which would display “ AttributeError: 'ModuleGraph' object has no attribute 'scancode'” or loadmodule. If you encounter this error, take a look at this or use my. The easiest way to wrap your application up for distribution at this point is simply to right-click the application from Finder and choose “Create Archive”. Adding an icon Simply add 'iconfile': 'youricon.icns' to the OPTIONS dict.